Yemen Conflict Accelerates the Operationalisation of the MECCA Agreement
Escalation in Yemen and Houthi attacks against Saudi Arabia are accelerating the operationalisation of the MECCA Agreement, with partners moving towards deeper military cooperation, institutional development and collective defence.
Red Sea Insecurity Tests Europe’s Maritime Security Capacity and Response
Ongoing conflict in the Red Sea and Strait of Hormuz has applied pressure on the EU’s ASPIDES mission. Continued disruption and the uncertainty of the operating environment, alongside the rapid territorial advance of the Houthis, have complicated and constrained EU capacity in the region. The ASPIDES mission may increasingly become one that includes European economic security and supply-chain resilience to ensure trade continues, rather than solely an operation intended to uphold international law.
Houthi Territorial Gains and Simultaneous Chokepoint Pressure
Houthi territorial gains around Bab el-Mandeb may increase pressure on maritime traffic and Saudi Arabian oil exports. With disruption continuing in the Strait of Hormuz, the advances may create simultaneous chokepoint pressure and provide greater leverage for Iran.