Red Sea Insecurity Tests Europe’s Maritime Security Capacity and Response
Ongoing conflict in the Red Sea and Strait of Hormuz has applied pressure on the EU’s ASPIDES mission. Continued disruption and the uncertainty of the operating environment, alongside the rapid territorial advance of the Houthis, have complicated and constrained EU capacity in the region. The ASPIDES mission may increasingly become one that includes European economic security and supply-chain resilience to ensure trade continues, rather than solely an operation intended to uphold international law.
China’s Critical Mineral Processing Leverage Against Europe
China's announcement that it would impose bans on 14 European companies suggests its leverage of critical mineral sanctions is expanding beyond previous disputes with the U.S. and Japan.